427

 Sufficiency list (summer 2024)

One of the most important tools that I use on my journey is what I call a sufficiency list. When I intentionally stepped on this path of living more sustainably, I dived deep into my practices that existed back then, many years ago. I wrote down everything that I felt I needed to live a comfortable life, and I considered the rest to be just stuff. The stuff was there for different reasons. Some of it were gifts from fellow humans, just-in-case items, items that were just there,  items I didn't know what to do with, items for some occasions, even spontaneous purchases. I was sitting in my room and looking around. I began to sketch the list. The first time I shared it was in my first autoethnographic work. Here is what I included in my list: laptop, phone, headphones, passport and other documents, notebook, pen, shoes, backpack, bank card, personal care items, towels, sweatshirt/t-shirts, trousers/shorts, bowl, fork, spoon, knife, stockpot, dish brush, tote bag, jacket, handkerchief, scissors, blanket, lunch box, mug, scarf, and mittens. I shared the updated version several times in this autoethnography and also in my book. It's interesting to observe that the list doesn't change much. 

As I am writing these words, I live in Copenhagen. The climate here is more gentle than in southern Finland and in northern Sweden where I used to live. My list currently includes:

  • Laptop
  • Phone 
  • Passport & other documents (though very minimal)
  • Shoes
  • Tote bag
  • Bank card
  • Personal care items 
  • Basic tops
  • Shirts
  • Trousers/shorts
  • Basic kitchen items (stockpot, pan, fork, spoon, knife, bowl, mug, reusable stainless steel container). I share them with my partner.
  • Towels. I have none that are my own. I share them with my partner. 
  • Dish brush. I share it with my partner. 
  • Jacket
  • Scissors
  • Bedding. I have none that is my own. We have 2 sets each. 
  • Scarf. I have one large woollen scarf and one cotton scarf.
  • Hair tie. I used to pick them up in the streets, but then I bought some that are made from natural, biodegradable materials. 

I borrow headphones from my partner. 

Here in Denmark it's not as cold as it was in northern Sweden, so I don't own mittens and sweatshirts. 

When I first wrote my sufficiency list, my personal care items included more than I live with now. These days, I live with a toothbrush that is personal. Soap and shampoo I share with my partner. There is also a crystal that my partner uses as a deodorant and that I borrow at times. I don't use anything on my skin that is specialised, such as creams, balms, face washes. I used to use such items before, but my skin looks and feels much better without them. In winter, I might invite a multi-purpose balm into my life. Not long ago, I invited a sunscreen (packaged in paper) into my life. I use it occasionally. Usually I don't talk much about skincare. One reason is my autoimmune skin condition that shaped to a large extent my relationship with skincare products. But something that I feel passionate about is openly saying that I do not support anti-ageing marketing that targets mostly women and makes us feel bad (or even ashamed) about the natural ageing process. 

I still live with a backpack that I use for travelling (which I do rarely) and for my laptop. I don't like this item and much prefer the large cotton tote bag. At times, I simply wrap my laptop in a plastic bag and still put in into the cotton tote bag, but it's not very practical, and water can still get through. It rains much in Denmark, and at times I think that if I say goodbye to the backpack, I will regret it later. Many backpacks are made from synthetic materials which feel unpleasant to me. I am also worried about microplastics that such materials release. Once I had a backpack made from organic cotton, and it was incredibly heavy and wore out in just a few years. 

Recently I stopped using a cotton handkerchief. I needed this piece of fabric for something else. I notice that I used it very rarely. Usually we have some pieces of tissue in our home that we got from bakeries and small ice cream shops. I think my habit to carry handkerchiefs with me goes back to my childhood when I used to have nosebleeds very often. It doesn't happen anymore, so I don't feel I need one. 

Apart from the items in the list, we have a mattress, a table, 4 chairs, a bench, a drying rack, a chest, a yoga mat and a meditation pillow in our home. If I lived on my own, I would have none of those things apart from the yoga mat. In fact, I lived without furniture when I was based in Finland and was single. We have built-in storage in this apartment. In my partner's child's bedroom, there is her bed, bedding, her books, clothes, toys and other small items. 

To clean our home, we use baking soda and soap, but no specialised products (such as window cleaning solutions, floor cleaning solutions etc.). We have a large bottle of dish washing liquid that we use to refill the smaller bottle we have. We use liquid soap that we also refill from a large container. I don't use soap on my body, only on my hands. We used to use bar soap but water in Copenhagen is hard, and soap residue contributed to blocked drains. We still use bar soap at times. For laundry, we use unscented laundry sheets that come in cardboard packaging. 

We have two lamps (one in the child's bedroom) but no other sources of light. We use natural light. There is built-in light in the bathroom and the kitchen area. 

We also have some medicine, and my partner has some basic tools to fix small things around our home. 

There are no decorations in our home apart from the stones and flowers we borrowed from nature. 

There is an orchid plant that was a gift and a mint plant that we bought. 

I also live with one piece of jewellery, my engagement ring. 

We have several upcycled jars (they came with food). I use them as glasses and vases. I also use them for storage (e.g., to store some items I use to repair clothes).

We have several cotton bags that I keep close to the entrance door, so we always take one with us.

I think that sufficiency is possible when it's part of some constellation of values. Other important values for me are simplicity and gentleness (towards the self, fellow others and nature). Experiencing gentleness towards the self and the world allows me to see what is truly important with more clarity. For example, accepting myself as I am and trusting that fellow others will do the same allows me to avoid taking part in fast fashion and consuming status items. 

426

 What empowers

In the coming months, I will be writing another autoethnographic work. In it, apart from disclosing my practices, I will dive deeper into what empowers my practice. I often discuss what constrains me and my fellow humans on sustainability paths, and I will continue to do so. It's a very important part of autoethnography. But to balance this, I also want to focus a little bit more on the empowering factors. 

I haven't studied these factors yet, so what follows are just some notes. Before I contemplate empowering factors, I will say what motivates me. It's harmonious co-existence between humans and nature and a desire that I sense deep in my psyche to contribute to bringing it about. In my academic work, I say that my reasons for practising this mode of being are ecological, spiritual, and aesthetic. Over time, I realised that there are also health related and financial reasons. I'm not sure if the ecological and the spiritual reasons should be separated. On a spiritual level, I feel oneness with nature and the universe, so I don't want nature's degradation. I feel pain on a somatic level when I witness trees being destroyed to create parking spaces. 

Many things enable me to practise this mode of being that is perhaps best described as a constellation of zero-waste, simple living, slow living, minimalism and extreme minimalism practices. 

As for inner factors, it is having a certain philosophy or a worldview. It was originally enabled, I believe, by living in nature for many years, developing nature-based practices from my childhood. Then this worldview was enabled by education and my work, part of which is reading (deep ecology, post-growth). Having simple tools enables me in my practice. Here I mean things like this autoethnography or taking notes. Having a sufficiency list. Having inner dialogues. Solitude enables me as well.

As for external factors, nature empowers me. For a long time, I couldn't have spiritual experiences in the city, Copenhagen, where I live. I missed nature as I experienced it in southern Finland and northern Sweden. Over time, I found ways to connect with nature, even if it's been heavily transformed by humans. I watch sunrises and sunsets. I stand on my balcony in the rain. I go to gardens, parks and to the sea. It takes me an hour or so to get to the beach in Amager on foot, but I always feel a calling of the sea and a deep desire or even a need to step into the sea, even when it's cold. I connect with nature when I hold the stones I brought home from the beach. 

Something that I missed in Copenhagen were large expanses of nature. Looking over the sea in Finland helped me overcome challenges and decide to move to Denmark. The sea was so vast and timeless in comparison to some manager's ambitions and harassment. In Denmark, I started watching the sky more, something I was doing when I lived in England. 

Apart from nature and non-human beings, there are fellow humans and even systems that empower me on my journey. My partner is a fellow researcher of sustainability transformations who, like me, believes in the unity of theory and practice. Before we met, he already practised vegetarianism, avoided flying as much as possible, bought organic food. After we met, he adopted minimalism. We practise minimalism together. We write about sustainability (post-growth) together and we discuss sustainability often in our household. Before this relationship, I lived on my own for two or so years, and it was an equally rewarding time in terms of growth. I found some fellow humans who practised sustainable living in different ways. In general, I try to identify such fellow humans so we can share knowledge and empower each other. I listen to their stories and share my own. I very much enjoy discussing sustainable living with elderly persons, as many of the practices I adopt (e.g., repairing clothes, upcycling) existed in their youth. I learn more from such persons than from academic articles. Having said that, academic articles also empower me. 

My main area of expertise is sustainability in business. Businesses, especially small, local and independent ones make my practice possible. Essentially, there is nothing that I produce. Everything that I invite into my life and consume comes from somewhere. Some items come directly from nature, such as foraged food and stones and wild flowers that I use as decorations. But there are not many of such items at all. Here is my sufficiency list that I shared for the first time in my first autoethnographic article: laptop, phone, headphones, passport and other documents, notebook, pen, shoes, backpack, bank card, personal care items, towels, sweatshirt/t-shirts, trousers/shorts, bowl, fork, spoon, knife, stockpot, dish brush, tote bag, jacket, handkerchief, scissors, blanket, lunch box, mug, scarf, and mittens. These days, the sufficiency list looks somewhat different (but not much). Some items are borrowed, shared, inherited, or upcycled. Yet, many I bought. And having small businesses that produce those items in sustainable ways is incredibly helpful. Having access to a cooperative supermarket that has organic and seasonal food is helpful too. 

Apart from businesses, alternative organisations such as libraries and byttestationer empower me. They make it possible to borrow and share objects with my local community. Perhaps my favourite place is our local byttestation in the recycling area of my apartment block. Neighbours can share with each other the objects they don't need or want anymore. 

Various structures and systems empower me. For example, here in Denmark we have good (though expensive) public transport that I rely on if I cannot walk to some destination. The system of recycling is good as well. Healthcare in Denmark is free. I never studied in Denmark, but education is free as well, and I believe it empowers many fellow humans at least in some ways (though universities are still neoliberal). 

I recognise that having access to these various systems, alternative organisations and having supportive relationships is a privilege. But recognising what empowers persons (myself and others) can help us, academics, think of possible ways to make these privileges the norm for everyone. Many of the "privileges" that I mention above, such as free healthcare and good public transport, should be basic rights and entitlements of all humans. 

To end this somewhat long entry, here are some things that constrain me: unstable, precarious jobs and strong hierarchies in academia, migration laws (as a British citizen, I need a reason to be in Denmark, such as work), capitalist organisation of society (e.g., selling labour to survive), norms (e.g., my family perceiving my life as poverty because I practise minimalism), obligations (we cannot move to the countryside because of my partner's childcare responsibilities).